Finite temperature properties of elements and alloy phases from first principles

نویسنده

  • Hossein Ehteshami
چکیده

First principles calculations are usually concerned with properties calculated at temperature 0 K. However, the industrially important materials are functioning at finite temperatures. To fill such a gap a first-principles based modeling of free energy has been developed in this thesis and finite temperature properties of different phases of Fe and Mn have been calculated and contrasted with available experimental data. In particular, using partitioning of the Helmholtz free energy, thermophysical properties of paramagnetic Fe have been reported. The heat capacity, the lattice constant, thermal expansion and elastic moduli of γand δ-Fe show a good agreement with available experimental data. In the case of α-Fe, we observe a good agreement for elastic moduli and thermal expansion with experiments but the heat capacity is not well-reproduced in the calculations because of the large contribution of magnetic short-range which our models are not capable of capturing. αand β-Mn theoretically pose a challenge for direct simulations of thermodynamic properties because of the complexity of magnetic and crystal structure. The partitioning of free energy has been used and thermodynamics of these phases have been derived. The obtained results show a good agreement with experimental data suggesting that despite the complexities of these phases, a rather simple approach can well describe their finite temperature properties. High-temperature phases of Mn, γ and δ, are also theoretically challenging problems. Employing a similar approach to Fe, thermophysical properties of these high symmetry phases of Mn have been reported which also show good agreement with available experimental data. The point defect and metal-self diffusion in titanium carbide (TiC), a refractory material, have been investigated in the present work. The common picture of metal-vacancy exchange mechanism for metal self-diffusion was shown to be unable to explain the experimentally observed values of activation energy. Several new clusters of point defects such as vacancies and interstitials have been found and reported which are energetically lower than a single metal vacancy. In a subsequent study, we showed that some of these clusters can be considered as mediators of metal self-diffusion in TiC. Evaluation of structural properties of Ti(O,C), a solid solution of TiC and β-TiO, from supercell approach is an extremely difficult task. For a dilute concentration of O, we show the complexity of describing an impurity of O in TiC using supercell approach. A single-site method such as the exact muffintin orbital method in the coherent potential approximation (EMTO-CPA) is a good alternative to supercell modeling of Ti(O,C). However, a study of Ti(O,C) using EMTO-CPA requires a further development of the technique regarding the partitioning of space. The shape module of EMTO has been modified for this purpose. With the help of the modified module, Ti(O,C) has been studied using EMTO-CPA. The results for the divacancy concentration and corresponding lattice parameter variations show good agreement with experimental data. Sammandrag Beräkningar av de första principerna är vanligtvis baserade p̊a egenskaper vid 0 K. Material som är industriella viktigåamste fungera vid höga temperaturer. Industriellt tillämpbaraiga material fungerar vid förhöjd temperatur. För att öka kunskapen om s̊adana material fokuserar denna avhandling, där en p̊a modellering av fri energi baserad p̊a de första principerna har tagits fram, och där egenskaper av olika faser av Fe och Mn har beräknats vid höga temperaturer i jämförelse med experimentell data. I synnerhet har termofysiska egenskaper av paramagnetisk Fe rapporterats baserat p̊a partitionering av Helmholtz fri energi, Värmekapaciteten, gitterkonstanten, värmeutvidgningen och den elastiska modulen av γoch δ-Fe visar ett god överensstämmelse med tillgängliga experimentdata. När det gäller α-Fe observerar vi en bra överensstämmelse mellan elastisk modul och termisk expansion jämfört med experiment, men värmekapaciteten är inte väl reproducerad i beräkningarna p̊a grund av det stora bidraget fr̊an magnetisk kortdistansorder till värmekapacitet som v̊ara modeller är inte kapabla att ta hänsyn till. αoch β-Mn utgör teoretiskt sett en utmaning för direkt simulering av termodynamiska egenskaper p̊a grund av komplexiteten hos dess magnetiska och kristallina struktur. Partitionering av fri energi har använts och termodynamiken hos dessa faser har härledts. Erh̊allna resultat visar en bra överensstämmelse med experimentella data, vilket tyder p̊a att, trots komplexiteten i dessa faser, kan en relativt enkel metod beskriva temperaturegenskaper. Högtemperaturfaser av Mn, γ och δ, är ocks̊a teoretiskt utmanande problem. Med hjälp av ett liknande tillvägag̊angssätt för Fe har termofysiska egenskaper hos dessa högsymmetriska faser av Mn rapporterats, vilket ocks̊a visar p̊a en god överensstämmelse med tillgängliga experimentella data. Punktfel och metall-självdiffusion i titankarbid (TiC) samt i eldfasta material har undersökts. Den gemensamma bilden av mekanismen för utbyte av metallledighet visade sig vara otilläcklig för att förklara experimentellt observerade resultat för aktiveringsenergi. Flera nya grupper av vakanser har hittats och rapporterats, som är energiskt lägre än bildningen av en metallvakans. I en senare studie visade vi hur dessa kluster kan betraktas som mediatorer av metalldiffusion. Utvärdering av strukturella egenskaper hos Ti(O,C), fast lösning av TiC och β-TiO, att använda supercells är en extremt sv̊ar uppgift. För en utspädd koncentration av O visar vi komplexiteten av inklusion av O i TiC. Ensskilda metoder s̊asom EMTO-CPA är ett bra alternativ för att studera Ti(O,C). Att studera Ti(O,C) med hjälp av EMTO-CPA kräver dock utveckling när det gäller metoden för tesselation. Formmodulen p̊a EMTO har modifierats för detta ändam̊al. Med hjälp av den modifierade modulen har Ti(O,C) studerats med användning av EMTO-CPA. Resultaten av divacancy-koncentrationen och följaktligen gitterparametern visar p̊a god överensstämmelse med experimentella data.

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تاریخ انتشار 2018